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SDG Data

The present section sets out charts of selected SDG data at the regional and subregional levels, providing comparisons to the world where available. Data was obtained from the Arab SDG Monitor as at January 2022. Key messages are also provided for each Goal, including on the level of data availability.

For further statistics, see

Arab SDG Monitor
Arab Data Portal

SDG 1: NO POVERTY

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SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere

  1. Poverty remains widespread in the Arab region, which has seen the proportion of the population living below the international poverty line increase sharply since 2010, contrary to the world trend. Poverty among those employed is also increasing in the region.
  2. While the share of vulnerable employment is decreasing and is way below the world’s average, it remains more pronounced among women.
  3. The adult illiteracy rate remains above the world’s average, and is significant among women.
  4. The Arab region has made progress in providing basic water and sanitation services to residents, surpassing the world’s average on the latter.

Data is unavailable for several key indicators, such as disaster-related indicators.

Evidence strength

54%
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TARGET 1.1

By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day

ON-TRACK
Population below international poverty line (Percentage)


Employed population below the international poverty line (Percentage)


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TARGET 1.2

By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions

Adult illiteracy rate (Percentage)


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TARGET 1.3

Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable

IN PROGRESS
Vulnerable employment, by sex (Percentage)


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TARGET 1.4

By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance

IN PROGRESS
Population using basic drinking water services (Percentage)


Population using basic sanitation services (Percentage)


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TARGET 1.5

By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters

OFF-TRACK
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TARGET 1.A

TARGET Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions

NO DATA
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TARGET 1.B

Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions.

NO DATA

SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER

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SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

  1. Food security in the Arab region remains a persistent challenge. Undernourishment is above the world’s average, and has been slightly on the rise since 2014. Stunting among children and anaemia among women are decreasing, but remain significantly high in the Arab LDCs. The percentage of overweight children continues to increase across the region, and is highest in the Mashreq.
  2. Following a visible spike in the Agriculture Orientation Index for Government Expenditure in GCC countries in the early 2000s, the Index has subsequently steadily decreased to below the world’s average.

Data is unavailable for key indicators related to agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Evidence strength

43%
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TARGET 2.1

By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.

IN PROGRESS
Prevalence of undernourishment (Percentage)


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TARGET 2.2

By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons

OFF-TRACK
Stunted children (Percentage)


Overweight children (Percentage)


Women with anemia (Percentage)


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TARGET 2.3

By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.

NO DATA
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TARGET 2.4

By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.

NO DATA
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TARGET 2.5

By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed.

ON-TRACK
Number of stored plant genetic resources


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TARGET 2.a

Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries.

OFF-TRACK
Agriculture orientation index for government expenditure


Note: The Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) for Government Expenditures is defined as the Agriculture share of Government Expenditure, divided by the Agriculture value added share of GDP
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TARGET 2.b

Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round.

NO DATA
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TARGET 2.c

Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.

NO DATA

SDG 3: GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

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SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

  1. The region has made significant progress on many health-related indicators over the past decades, notably in terms of reducing under-five and maternal mortality rates, although significant disparities remain between subregions.
  2. Women’s access to family planning methods is increasing fastest in the Arab LDCs, but remains well below the world’s average.
  3. The region has underperformed compared with the world in reducing road traffic fatalities, which remain particularly high and on the increase in the Arab LDCs and GCC countries.
  4. Attainments under the International Health Regulations remain particularly low in the Arab LDCs.

Data availability for health-related indicators is relatively high, with few gaps relating to tobacco use and the health-care workforce.

Evidence strength

75%
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TARGET 3.1

By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.

ON-TRACK
Maternal mortality ratio (Per 100,000 live births)


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TARGET 3.2

By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births.

ON-TRACK
Under-five mortality rate (Per 1,000 live births)


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TARGET 3.3

By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases.

ON-TRACK
Tuberculosis incidence (Per 100,000 population)


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TARGET 3.4

By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being.

IN PROGRESS
Mortality rate (Probability)


Note : Attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease
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TARGET 3.5

Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol.

ON-TRACK
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TARGET 3.6

By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents.

ON-TRACK
Death rate due to road traffic injuries (Per 100,000 of the population)


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TARGET 3.7

By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.

IN PROGRESS
Women (15-49) with satisfied need for modern family planning methods (Percentage)


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TARGET 3.8

Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.

IN PROGRESS
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TARGET 3.9

By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.

ON-TRACK
Mortality rate by unintentional poisoning (Per 100,000 of the population)


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TARGET 3.A

Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate.

ON-TRACK
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TARGET 3.b

Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all.

ON-TRACK
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TARGET 3.c

Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States.

ON-TRACK
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TARGET 3.d

Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks.

IN PROGRESS
International health regulations capacity (Percentage)


Note: IHR capacity reflects the percentage of attributes of 13 core capacities that have been attained at a specific point in time.

SDG 4: QUALITY EDUCATION

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SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

  1. Since 2000, the region has seen steady improvements in secondary school enrolment for both sexes, but remains below the world’s average. Despite visible improvements, the region continues to have a proportion of out-of-school children far exceeding the global average, and low rates of enrolment in pre-primary education.
  2. The region fares generally better than the world’s average in terms of equipping its schools with electricity, Internet and drinking water.
  3. The proportion of primary school teachers with minimum qualifications is slightly above the world’s average, notably for male teachers.

Data gaps inhibit the ability to assess the region’s progress in increasing educational attainment and learners’ acquisition of skills and knowledge.

Evidence strength

58%
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TARGET 4.1

By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes.

IN PROGRESS
Secondary school enrollment (Percentage)


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TARGET 4.2

By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education.

IN PROGRESS
Children out of primary school (Percentage)


Participation rate in organized learning (Percentage)


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TARGET 4.3

By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university.

NO DATA
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TARGET 4.4

By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship.

ON-TRACK
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TARGET 4.5

By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations.

IN PROGRESS
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TARGET 4.6

By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy.

NO DATA
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TARGET 4.7

By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture's contribution to sustainable development.

NO DATA
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TARGET 4.a

Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all.

OFF-TRACK
Lower secondary schools with access to internet (Percentage)


Lower secondary schools with access to electricity (Percentage)


Lower secondary schools with access to drinking water (Percentage)


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TARGET 4.b

By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries.

NO DATA
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TARGET 4.c

By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States.

ON-TRACK
Teachers with minimum qualifications in primary education (Percentage)


SDG 5: GENDER EQUALITY

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SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

  1. The Arab region still has work to do to achieve gender equality and empower women and girls. The representation of women in elected local governments is steadily catching up with the world’s average, but remains far from gender parity. However, no visible improvement can be seen in the rate of women in managerial positions, which remains far behind the world’s average.
  2. Child marriage and female genital mutilation remain high, and the legal environment governing access to sexual and reproductive health care is below international standards across the region.

Data availability is notably weak, impeding the assessment of efforts to end discrimination, guarantee equal rights and access to resources, and eliminate violence against women and girls.

Evidence strength:

21%

21%
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TARGET 5.1

End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.

NO DATA
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TARGET 5.2

Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation.

NO DATA
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TARGET 5.3

Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation.

Married women or in a union before age of 18 (Percentage), 2020


Women who have undergone female genital mutilation (Percentage),2020


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TARGET 5.4

Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate.

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TARGET 5.5

Ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life.

IN PROGRESS
Elected seats held by women in local government (Percentage)


Women in managerial positions (Percentage)


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TARGET 5.6

Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences.

Laws for equal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare (Percentage), 2019


Note: Measures the extent to which countries have legal and regulatory environment across four thematic sections: Maternity care; Contraception and family planning; Comprehensive sexuality education and information; and HIV and HPV.
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TARGET 5.a

Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws.

NO DATA
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TARGET 5.b

Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women.

ON-TRACK
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TARGET 5.c

Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels.

NO DATA

SDG 6: CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

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SDG 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

  1. The Arab region has registered important progress on indicators related to population access to safely managed water and sanitation services since the early 2000s. The practice of open defecation in rural areas of the region is decreasing, and is lower than the world’s average for rural areas.
  2. The GCC subregion is implementing integrated water resources management to a higher degree than other subregions, and is making significant improvements in water use efficiency, which reflects a better ability to decouple economic growth from water use.
  3. The region needs to bring down freshwater withdrawals to a more sustainable level, and enhance water cooperation arrangements for transboundary basins.

Data gaps relate mainly to water quality, wastewater treatment, and the participation of local communities in water management.

Evidence strength

36%
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TARGET 6.1

By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.

IN PROGRESS
Population using safely managed water (Percentage)


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TARGET 6.2

By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations.

IN PROGRESS
Population practicing open defecation (Percentage)


Population practicing open defecation (Percentage), Arab LDCs, rural


Population using safely managed sanitation services (Percentage)


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TARGET 6.3

By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally.

NO DATA
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TARGET 6.4

By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.

OFF-TRACK
Water use efficiency (USD/m3), 2018


Freshwater withdrawal (Percentage)


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TARGET 6.5

By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate.

IN PROGRESS
Degree of integrated water resources management implementation (Percentage)


Transboundary river and lake basins with operational arrangement for water cooperation (Percentage), 2020


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TARGET 6.6

By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.

NO DATA
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TARGET 6.a

By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies.

NO DATA
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TARGET 6.b

Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management.

NO DATA

SDG 7: AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

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SDG 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

  1. Since 2000, the Arab region has made significant progress in extending access to electricity and clean fuels. However, the region appears to be struggling to increase the share of renewable energy in the total final energy consumption and in installed renewable electricity-generating capacity per capita, both of which remain well below the world’s averages. This could be partially attributed to weak international financial flows into the region in support of clean energy.
  2. No significant improvement has been registered in the region’s energy intensity since 2000.

Data availability for energy-related indicators is relatively high.

Evidence strength

67%
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TARGET 7.1

By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services.

ON-TRACK
Population with access to electricity by location (Percentage)


Population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology (Percentage)


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TARGET 7.2

By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.

IN PROGRESS
Renewable energy share in final energy consumption (Percentage)


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TARGET 7.3

By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally.

IN PROGRESS
Energy intensity level of primary energy (Megajoules per constant 2011 PPP GDP)


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TARGET 7.a

By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology.

International financial flows into clean energy (Million United States dollars)


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TARGET 7.b

By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support.

Installed renewable electricity-generating capacity (watts per capita)


SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

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SDG 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

  1. Low levels of economic growth, over reliance on oil, and the dominance of low-productivity sectors have distorted the region’s labour market, which has failed to meet demand for productive employment and decent work.
  2. Employment remains a major challenge for the region, especially for women and young people. For example, women in the region aged 15-24 are over three times as likely to be unemployed as their counterparts worldwide.
  3. The region has an overall low level of account ownership compared with the world’s average, resulting in low levels of financial inclusion, notably for young people, women, persons with primary education and the poor.

Data is largely available for this Goal, with some gaps relating to informal employment and child labour, among others.

Evidence strength

50%
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TARGET 8.1

Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries.

OFF-TRACK
Average Economic Growth (2015-2019) (Percentage)


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TARGET 8.2

Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors.

OFF-TRACK
Average Labour Productivity (2015-2019) (Percentage)


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TARGET 8.3

Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services.

NO DATA
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TARGET 8.4

Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead.

ON-TRACK
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TARGET 8.5

By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value.

OFF-TRACK
Unemployment (Percentage), 2019


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TARGET 8.6

By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training.

IN PROGRESS
Youth not in education, employment or training (Percentage), 2019


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TARGET 8.7

Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms.

NO DATA
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TARGET 8.8

Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment.

OFF-TRACK
Labour rights, 2020


Note: Reflects the level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation.
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TARGET 8.9

By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.

NO DATA
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TARGET 8.10

Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all.

IN PROGRESS
Number of automated teller machines (Per 100,000 persons), 2020


Account ownership (Percentage)


Note: Proportion of adults with an account at a financial institution or a mobile-money-service provider (15 years and older).
Account ownership in the Arab region, 2017 (Percentage)


Note: Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider.
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TARGET 8.a

Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries.

NO DATA
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TARGET 8.b

By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization.

NO DATA

SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

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SDG 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

  1. The Arab region has yet to shift towards sustainable and inclusive industrialization, and to fully reap the benefits of the knowledge economy. Despite minor improvements since 2000, the region’s manufacturing sector remains less productive and more polluting than the world’s averages, and generates fewer jobs.
  2. Access of small-scale industrial enterprises to financial services varies across the region, and is particularly low in the Mashreq and the Arab LDCs.
  3. The region exhibits low value addition in medium- and high-tech industries, and low levels of researchers and research and development expenditures.
  4. Access to at least a 3G mobile network has been visibly increasing, in line with global growth rates.

Data availability for this Goal is relatively high.

Evidence strength

67%
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TARGET 9.1

Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all.

NO DATA
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TARGET 9.2

Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry's share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries.

OFF-TRACK
Manufacturing value added (Percentage)


Manufacturing employment (Percentage), 2019


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TARGET 9.3

Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets.

OFF-TRACK
Small-scale industries with loans or credit (Percentage), 2020


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TARGET 9.4

By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities.

ON-TRACK
Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of manufacturing value added (Kgs of CO2/constant 2015 USD)


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TARGET 9.5

Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending.

ON-TRACK
Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP (Percentage)


Researchers (Per 1,000,000 population)


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TARGET 9.a

Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States.

NO DATA
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TARGET 9.b

Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities.

ON-TRACK
Value added of medium- and high-tech industry (Percentage)


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TARGET 9.c

Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020.

ON-TRACK
Population with access to at least a 3G mobile network (Percentage)


SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities

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SDG 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

  1. The Arab region exhibited insignificant change in the compensation of employees as a share of GDP, which remains well below the world’s averages, signifying that there were little improvements in the personal income of households.
  2. Refugees originating from the Arab region have increased visibly over the past 10 years, and constitute a large proportion of its population.
  3. Remittances received by Arab countries continue to constitute a higher share of GDP compared with the world’s average.
  4. The region’s share of official development assistance (ODA) has fluctuated over the years, hovering at around a fifth of the world’s ODA in recent years.

Data availability for this Goal is low, with data gaps relating to economic inclusion, discrimination and migration.

Evidence strength:

21%

21%
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TARGET 10.1

By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average.

NO DATA
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TARGET 10.2

By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status.

IN PROGRESS
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TARGET 10.3

Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard.

NO DATA
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TARGET 10.4

Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality.

Labour share of GDP (Percentage)


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TARGET 10.5

Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations.

NO DATA
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TARGET 10.6

Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions.

NO DATA
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TARGET 10.7

Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies.

Refugees (Per 100,000 population)


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TARGET 10.a

Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements.

NO DATA
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TARGET 10.b

Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes.

Net official development assistance and official aid received (Constant 2018 US$ billion)


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TARGET 10.c

By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent.

ON-TRACK
Personal remittances, received (Percentage of GDP)


SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

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SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

  1. Increasing and unplanned urbanization in the Arab region has given rise to a variety of challenges. The proportion of the urban population living in slums has increased sharply since 2000, as has urban pollution, both of which exceed the world’s average.
  2. The number of internally displaced persons owing to disasters has increased visibly over the past 10 years, but remains insignificant compared with the world’s averages.

Data is missing for the majority of SDG 11 indicators, including those related to inclusivity, sustainable transport systems, waste management, public space, and urban-rural linkages.

Evidence strength

36%
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TARGET 11.1

By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums.

OFF-TRACK
Urban population living in slums (Percentage)


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TARGET 11.2

By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons.

NO DATA
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TARGET 11.3

By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries.

NO DATA
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TARGET 11.4

Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage.

NO DATA
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TARGET 11.5

By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations.

OFF-TRACK
Internally displaced persons associated with disasters (Per 100,000 new cases of displaced persons)


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TARGET 11.6

By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management.

OFF-TRACK
Fine particulate matter in cities (micrograms per cubic meter)


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TARGET 11.7

By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities.

NO DATA
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TARGET 11.a

Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning.

NO DATA
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TARGET 11.b

By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels.

IN PROGRESS
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TARGET 11.c

Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials.

NO DATA

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

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SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

  1. Except for the GCC subregion, the material footprint in the Arab region is below the world’s average, as is electronic waste generation per capita. However, the region continues to post high rates of food waste relative to the world.
  2. The region subsidizes fossil fuel consumption at nearly five times the global average.
  3. Reporting on hazardous waste as per international conventions is particularly low in the Arab LDCs, and very few companies in the region publish sustainability reports.

SDG 12 suffers from low data coverage in the region, with no data available on recycling, policy instruments supporting the shift to sustainable consumption and production, sustainable public procurement policies, and tourism sustainability.

Evidence strength:

15%

15%
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TARGET 12.1

Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries.

NO DATA
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TARGET 12.2

By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources

ON-TRACK
Material footprint (Metric tons per person)


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TARGET 12.3

By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses

Food waste per capita (Kg), 2019


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TARGET 12.4

By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment.

ON-TRACK
Parties to Basel convention transmitting information on hazardous waste, and other chemicals (Percentage)


Electronic waste generated, per capita (Kg), 2020


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TARGET 12.5

By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.

NO DATA
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TARGET 12.6

Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle.

Number of companies publishing sustainability reports, 2020


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TARGET 12.7

Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities.

NO DATA
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TARGET 12.8

By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature.

NO DATA
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TARGET 12.a

Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production.

NO DATA
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TARGET 12.b

Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.

NO DATA
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TARGET 12.c

Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities

Fossil fuel pre-tax subsidies per capita (USD)


SDG 13: Climate action

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SDG 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

  1. Per capita CO2 emissions in the region continues to hover around global averages.
  2. The share of renewable energy in total consumption is decreasing, and remains well below the world’s average.
  3. The number of internally displaced persons owing to disasters has increased visibly over the past 10 years, but remains insignificant compared with the world’s averages.

Very few indicators are available at the regional level for SDG 13. Data is unavailable to fully assess the impact of disasters and the adoption of disaster risk reduction strategies as per the Sendai Framework, and the extent to which Arab countries have integrated climate change into national policies.

Evidence strength:

25%

25%
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TARGET 13.1

Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries.

IN PROGRESS
Internally displaced persons associated with disasters (Per 100,000 new cases of displaced persons)


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TARGET 13.2

Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning.

CO2 Emissions (Metric tons per capita)


Renewable energy share (Percentage)


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TARGET 13.3

Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning.

NO DATA
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TARGET 13.a

Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible.

NO DATA
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TARGET 13.b

Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities.

NO DATA

SDG 14: Life below water

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SDG 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

  1. Marine areas in the Arab region are under threat, with relatively high levels of pollution and few protected marine areas.
  2. The region has made significant progress in recognizing and protecting access rights for small-scale fisheries, exceeding the world’s average.

SDG 14 is among the least tracked Goals in the Arab region, with data largely lacking on the health of marine ecosystems and the implementation of sustainable fishing practices.

Evidence strength:

10%

10%
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TARGET 14.1

By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution.

Chlorophyll-a anomaly (Percentage), 2020


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TARGET 14.2

By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.

NO DATA
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TARGET 14.3

Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

NO DATA
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TARGET 14.4

By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics.

NO DATA
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TARGET 14.5

By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.

ON-TRACK
Marine protected areas (Percentage of territorial waters), 2018


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TARGET 14.6

By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation [c].

NO DATA
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TARGET 14.7

By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism.

NO DATA
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TARGET 14.a

Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries.

NO DATA
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TARGET 14.b

Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets.

Degree of protection of access rights for small-scale fisheries


Note: Composite indicator calculated on the basis of country efforts to implement selected key provisions of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication. Level of implementation: 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest).
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TARGET 14.c

Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of 'The future we want'.

NO DATA

SDG 15: Life on land

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SDG 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

  1. The Arab region appears to be maintaining its naturally low forest areas, although a slight loss in forest area has been registered in the Arab LDCs. The region is improving in the adoption of long-term forest management plans, driven mainly by progress in the Maghreb, while the Mashreq registers no such plans.
  2. Although a low proportion of the region’s land area is designated as protected compared with the world, it has high participation in international treaties to protect plant genetic resources.

There are notable data gaps for SDG 15, including indicators related to desertification, land degradation and biodiversity.

Evidence strength

57%
sdg-15

TARGET 15.1

By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements.

IN PROGRESS
Forest area (Percentage)


Terrestrial protected areas (Percentage), 2018


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TARGET 15.2

By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally.

OFF-TRACK
Forest area with a long-term management plans (Percentage)


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TARGET 15.3

By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world.

NO DATA
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TARGET 15.4

By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development.

IN PROGRESS
Mountain green cover (Percentage), 2018


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TARGET 15.5

Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species.

OFF-TRACK
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TARGET 15.6

Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed.

ON TRACK
Countries parties or reporting to the international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (Percentage)


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TARGET 15.7

Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products.

NO DATA
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TARGET 15.8

By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species.

ON-TRACK
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TARGET 15.9

By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts.

NO DATA
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TARGET 15.a

Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems.

NO DATA
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TARGET 15.b

Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation.

NO DATA
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TARGET 15.c

Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities.

NO DATA

SDG 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions

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SDG 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

  1. Intentional homicides are increasing in the region, but remain below the world’s average.
  2. Children under age 14 in the region are more likely to experience physical punishment and/or psychological aggression compared with the world’s average.
  3. Arab LDCs have a very low birth registration rate for under-5 children.
  4. Firms in the Arab region, notably those in the LDCs, are more likely to experience bribe payment requests.

Data on SDG 16 indicators remains largely unavailable at the regional level, with notable gaps in indicators related to personal safety, access to justice and governance, among others.

Evidence strength:

25%

25%
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TARGET 16.1

Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere.

OFF-TRACK
Intentional homicides (Per 100,000 population)


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TARGET 16.2

End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children.

OFF-TRACK
Children punishment (Percentage), 2020


Note: Reflects the proportion of children aged 1-14 who experienced physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the last month.
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TARGET 16.3

Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all.

IN PROGRESS
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TARGET 16.4

By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime.

NO DATA
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TARGET 16.5

Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms.

IN PROGRESS
Firms experiencing bribery (Percent), 2019


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TARGET 16.6

Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels.

ON TRACK
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TARGET 16.7

Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels.

NO DATA
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TARGET 16.8

Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance.

NO DATA
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TARGET 16.9

By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration.

Birth registration of under 5 children (Percentage), 2020


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TARGET 16.10

Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements.

NO DATA
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TARGET 16.a

Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime.

ON-TRACK
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TARGET 16.b

Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development.

NO DATA

SDG 17: Partnerships for the goals

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SDG 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable

  1. The Arab region has registered significant growth in Internet users and broadband subscriptions. However, for the latter, the region is yet to catch up with the world’s average.
  2. The Arab region is not benefiting from global trade. For example, while displaying a growing trend, the region’s share of global services exports remains modest. Fluctuations in the share of global merchandise exports may be attributed to the fact that oil and gas constitute a major share of the region’s merchandise exports.
  3. The Arab region is above global averages in adopting statistical legislation that complies with global principles, and in developing fully-funded statistical plans. However, a smaller proportion of Arab countries have conducted a population and housing census over the past 10 years, compared with the world’s average.

The region exhibits major data shortages in several SDG 17 priority areas, including finance and resource mobilization, technology, trade, partnerships, and data collection.

Evidence strength

29%
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TARGET 17.1

Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection.

OFF-TRACK
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TARGET 17.2

Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance (ODA/GNI) to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.3

Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources.

Remittances received (Percentage)


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TARGET 17.4

Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.5

Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.6

Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge-sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism.

IN PROGRESS
Broadband subscriptions (Percentage)


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TARGET 17.7

Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.8

Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology.

ON-TRACK
Internet users (Percentage)


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TARGET 17.9

Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the Sustainable Development Goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.10

Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.11

Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries' share of global exports by 2020.

Share of global merchandise and services trade for the Arab region (Percentage)


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TARGET 17.12

Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.13

Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.14

Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.15

Respect each country's policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.16

Enhance the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in all countries, in particular developing countries.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.17

Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships.

NO DATA
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TARGET 17.18

By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts.

ON-TRACK
Arab countries with national statistical legislation that complies with the fundamental Principles of official statistics (Percentage)


Fully funded statistical plans (Percentage)


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TARGET 17.19

By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries.

ON-TRACK
Countries that have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years (Percentage)


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